I highly doubt a node is likely to keep the application functioning but somehow managing to make its output corrupted.. thats like selective corruption.. just enough to completely screw the apps output, but not enough to make the app destabilize and crash.
Data corruption is much more likely to happen when routing the data, such as a router going dodge city, but I expect the amount of cash they pump into such hardware will make it unlikely, and additionally, such problems aren't intrinsic to cloud hosting but basically any networking.
It is much more likely that a node will become faulty, and apps start to crash, in which case the crashes will be seen by the health monitoring system, and handled.