No matter whether this is the right thing to do or not, here might be a possible solution: split it in 2 SQL-statements: first insert all the Address-records, then update the Employee-records:
INSERT INTO Addresses (Address1, ...)
SELECT Address1, ... FROM Employee
UPDATE Employee SET AddressID = a.AddressID
FROM Employee AS e
JOIN Address AS a ON e.Address1 = a.Address1 AND ...