For more than two decades, the way to manage applications on enterprise distributed systems has followed consistent patterns, and has proven to be very effective. But new paradigms have emerged and are changing how IT is delivering business value, and how IT interacts with business units and end users. Among these new paradigms are: cloud computing (including multi-tenancy and self-service), DevOps, outsourcing, hosting, and more. These paradigms come with different layers and assignments of responsibilities, that underlying technologies must implement for the end-to-end process to remain efficient, scalable, and flexible. This session goes through these changes, explains how Microsoft solutions are adapting to them, and summarizes the vision for modern application management in Infrastructure as a Service (whether on premises, in the public cloud, or both).